The light entering from the oculus has also a mystical meaning: it symbolizes the presence of God that arrives to the men without religious intermediaries. The Pantheon is a symbol of Greco-Roman architecture. This monument is a significant part of Roman history and a symbol of modern Rome.
Located in a lively square with restaurants, bars and shops, the Pantheon is a wonderful destination for all those visiting Rome. The Pantheon is in Piazza della Rotonda, located in a very lively area where you can easily find also a lot of places where to eat. You can reach the Pantheon with the metro line A getting off at Barberini, the nearest stop, and then walking for 20 minutes. Book your tour of the Pantheon. This website uses 'cookies' to give you the best, most relevant experience.
The height and diameter of the interior rotunda both measure The oculus, or opening at the top of the dome, measures 8. It is also in keeping with the belief that there should not be a roof on a Roman temple. Serving as the major source of light in the Pantheon, the oculus also allows in rain and snow, setting a different atmosphere throughout the seasons. The floor is sloped towards drains that are present to collect rain.
Blind windows line the rotunda, probably meant to let light into the extensive network of passageways that are used by maintenance crews. William MacDonald, a Pantheon expert, believes that the windows also allow the building to breathe by circulating air to prevent moisture collection that could cause cracks in the cast cement.
The marble work on the floor containing patterns of circles and squares is a 19th century accurate reproduction of the original floor. When observing the Pantheon from outside, the columns play a significant role in adding to the grandeur. The sixteen monolithic columns are made of red and gray granite and the shafts stand 40 Roman feet tall. Carved in eastern Egypt, the transport of the columns to the construction site required them to be floated up the Nile River on a barge, through Mediterranean Sea and up the Tiber River.
Once they reached Rome, they were carried down the streets of the city and then erected. The columns of the Pantheon have prompted a lot of discussion because scholars believe that if the columns had only been 10 Roman feet taller, they would have allowed for continuity between the porch and intermediate block that is lacking in the current structure. Certainly 50 Roman foot monolithic columns were considerably more difficult to acquire; it is quite possible that the larger columns were instead used for the Temple of Trajan, which was being built by Hadrian around the same time for his adoptive father.
Problems with obtaining larger columns may have thus prompted the architect of the Pantheon to compromise and use smaller columns. Politically, it would have been important for Hadrian to devote the larger columns to the Temple of Trajan to show respect for Trajan, especially because the size of the columns was very important to the Temple of Trajan since it dictated the size of the entire building, whereas it was not as crucial to the structure of the Pantheon.
When it was first built, the entire exterior of the dome, as well as the interior of the coffered ceiling, would have been covered in bronze. The brickwork covering the outer wall of the rotunda would have been covered in stucco, marble paneling, or even travertine. Currently, the Pantheon sits somewhat sunken into the floor because the street level has risen around the building. Originally, the Pantheon would have sat high above street level, with five steep stairs used to reach it.
Since it was rededicated as a church, the Pantheon houses a collection of religious art and several tombs. Upon entering the rotunda, the first chapel to the right is a fresco of The Annunciation, attributed to Melozzo da Forli or Antoniazzo Romano, and two 17th century angel statues flank the fresco. In the aedicule is a 14th century fresco of The Coronation of the Virgin. In the main apse is an icon of The Virgin and Child, dating from the 7th century.
The tomb of the artist Raphael also lies in the Pantheon, as requested by Raphael when he studied the Pantheon during his report on the state of monuments, after he was appointed to serve as the superintendent of antiquities in The niches contain statues of various saints and priests.
Section Three 3 of 7 Function When it was initially built, the Pantheon was meant to serve as an assembly hall where the public could gather. Hadrian would have sat in a throne to oversee public gatherings. While meant to represent all gods as its name suggests, the Pantheon was not necessarily used as a temple because it lacked the rectangular shape of previous temples. In part, the Pantheon was meant to appease the gods because the destruction of the previous buildings in its place was seen as a sign that the gods were unhappy.
In the niches would have originally stood statues of various gods, and deified emperors. For example, a statue of Augustus was placed in one of the main recesses.
One of the main purposes of the building, was for Hadrian to give the Roman people something to be proud of. A viewer approaching the Pantheon when it was first built would have had to look up to see the entire front porch.
The bronze covered rotunda would have glowed in the sun. Upon entering the rotunda, the viewer would have been stunned by all the exquisite marble and grandeur of the dome. The interior of the rotunda was also symbolic of the greatness of the empire. This was meant to demonstrate how the Roman empire was to be seen. The original Pantheon was destroyed in a fire around 80 A. It was rebuilt by Emperor Domitian, only to be burned down again in A. Hadrian became emperor in , a time when the Roman Empire included much of present-day Europe, as well as parts of the Middle East and northern Africa.
Passionate about art and architecture, he embarked on a building campaign during his reign, which lasted until his death in The wall measures 73 miles in length and stretches from coast to coast across modern-day northern England. Evidence suggests the Pantheon was dedicated around A. No one knows the original purpose of the present-day Pantheon, but Hadrian sometimes held court there.
Afterward, the Pantheon fell into a long period of disrepair. In , the German warrior Odoacer conquered the western half of the Roman Empire, where Rome was situated. Mary and the Martyrs. It was the first Roman pagan temple to be consecrated as a Christian church. Made primarily from bricks and concrete, the Pantheon consists of three sections: a portico with granite columns, a massive domed rotunda and a rectangular area connecting the other two sections.
Measuring feet in diameter, the domed ceiling was the largest of its kind when it was built. At to the top of the dome sits an opening, or oculus, 27 feet in width. The oculus, which has no covering, lets light—as well as rain and other weather—into the Pantheon. The walls and floor of the rotunda are decorated with marble and gilt and the domed ceiling contains five rings of 28 rectangular coffers.
When the artist Michelangelo saw the Pantheon, centuries after its construction, he reportedly said it was the design of angels, not of man. They are called "relieving arches" or "discharging arches. These arches provided strength and support when niches were carved out of the interior walls. The Roman Pantheon with its classical portico and domed roof became a model that influenced Western architecture for 2, years.
Andrea Palladio was one of the first architects to adapt the ancient design that we now call Classical. Palladio's 16th century Villa Almerico-Capra near Vicenza, Italy is considered Neoclassical , because its elements—dome, columns, pediments—are taken from Greek and Roman architecture.
Why should you know about the Pantheon in Rome? This one building from the 2nd century continues to influence the built environment and the architecture we use even today. Famous buildings modeled after the Pantheon in Rome include the U. Thomas Jefferson was a promoter of the Pantheon's architecture, incorporating it into his Charlottesville, Virginia home at Monticello, the Rotunda at the University of Virginia, and the Virginia State Capitol in Richmond.
The architectural firm of McKim, Mead, and White were well-known for their neoclassical buildings throughout the U. The Manchester Central Library in England is another good example of this neo-classical architecture being used as a library.
The dome-and-portico design first seen in the Pantheon can be found throughout the world, and it all began in Rome. Actively scan device characteristics for identification. Use precise geolocation data. Select personalised content. Create a personalised content profile. Measure ad performance. Select basic ads. Create a personalised ads profile. Select personalised ads. Apply market research to generate audience insights. Measure content performance.
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